Injunction - Interlocutory - Town and country planning - Local government - Council seeking to enforce planning scheme - Telecommunications carrier installing cables - Reliance on overriding Commonwealth legislation - Validity of legislation - Compliance by carrier with National Telecommunications Code - Undertaking as to damages - Whether public authority seeking to enforce law exempted from undertaking - Telecommunications Act 1991 (Cth) ss. 116 118 - Telecommunications (Exempt Activities) Regulations (Cth) - Local Government Act 1989 (No. 11) ss. 6 7 8 Sch. 1 - Planning and Environment Act 1987 (No. 45) s. 14 - Acts Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth) s. 46(2).

Appeal - Leave - Interlocutory injunction - Variation - Whether leave required to appeal from grant or refusal of variation of interlocutory injunction - Supreme Court Act 1986 (No. 110) s. 17A(4)(b)(ii).

Appeal - Leave - Test - Directions hearing - Trial of action scheduled to commence two days later - Comments by judge concerning issues and possible outcomes - Refusal of disqualification application - No lower leave threshold applicable to apprehended bias disputes.

Courts and judges - Alleged apprehended bias - Test - Hypothetical fair-minded observer - Attributes - Awareness of modern case management considerations - Civil Procedure Act 2010 (No 47) s 7 8 23 47 48

Appeal - Leave - Interlocutory points of practice - Appeals not to be encouraged - Managed proceeding.

Practice and procedure - Group proceeding - Small, closed class of plaintiffs - Particulars and discovery by group members - Common questions of liability - Disclosure concerning quantum of group members' claims - Supreme Court Act 1986 (No 110) s 33ZF - Civil Procedure Act 2010 (No 41) s 9.

Practice and procedure - Mediation - Promotion of rational settlements - Propriety of discovery to facilitate mediation.